I got a reader question today from a hearing-impaired reader:

I have the iPhone 4S and would like to use the earphones with remote & mic but I wear in-the-ear hearing aids.

Does Apple have an alternate version for folks like me - that would go around the ear or a headset version?

Apple itself doesn't offer alternate versions, they only provide the white earbuds, but luckily plenty of other manufacturers have filled this important gap.

There are four types of solutions I can think of:

1. Buy an adapter which offers the inline controls and microphone and lets you plug in whatever headset you like.
2. Buy a pair of headphones or a headset which includes the inline remote in a single unit.
3. Use bluetooth headphones which have inbuilt controls.
4. Use a hearing-aid specific Bluetooth adapter, if your hearing aid supports this.

All these solutions have different plusses and minuses, unsurprisingly.

Buy an Inline Control Adapter

These are some examples of an adapter with the inline controls and microphone which plug into any regular pair of headphones:

• iLuv iEA15BLK Remote with 3rd-Party Headphone Adapter
• Belkin Headphone Adapter with Remote
• Griffin Technology Auxiliary Audio Cable with Inline Remote Control
• Scosche Control Adapter
• Headset Hands Free 3.5mm Adapter + Microphone
• Monster iSoniTalk Microphone Headphone Adapter - Microphone with Headphone Jack

In the past I have tried several of these type of "inline" adapters with my existing headphones, including the Belkin and Griffin remotes and several "no-name" brands. In general I found none of them lasted beyond about 6 months of daily use, which disappointed me. The amazon.com reviews seem to suggest that other customers have had a similar experience with the adapters not lasting a huge amount of time. On the other hand they are generally fairly cheap so buying a new one every six months or so isn't a huge hardship, it's just annoying.

The other issue I found is that different types add different amounts of length to your headphones - this can be annoying if your headphone cable is already longer than you want it to be, as long cords get tangled more easily.

If you are an iPhone user you will need to check that the device you purchase puts the microphone where you need. The Apple earbuds (and most others with inbuilt remotes) have the microphone section positioned so it will hang close to your mouth for easy and mostly-hands-free use - but if you purchase an inline remote you'll have to hold the microphone up near your mouth to use it.

Purchase Headphones With An Inbuilt Remote

These are some examples of around-the-ear headphones/headsets which have built in remote controls and microphones:

• iLuv iHP615 Mega Bass Pro Headphones with Remote
• NoiseHush NX26-11778 3.5mm Stereo Headphones with Neodymium Magnet Drivers Medium
• Sennheiser HD 218i Supra-Aural Headphones
• AirDrives INA099210 for iPhone (these have been recommended on the Inky Ed blog as their "Best Ever Headphones")
• Sennheiser PX 100-II i Light Weight Supra-Aural Headset

These headsets have built in controls for iPod and iPhone, which tends to leave the microphone in a more convenient place and saves you from over-long cords.

Since most iPod/iPhone users apparently prefer in-ear headsets, it can be annoyingly tricky to find these over-the-ear type by searching online. I found these by searching on amazon.com for variations on the phrase "wired stereo headphones" and then scrolling through many pages of results to find the ones that weren't in-ear types and did have remotes - a fairly slow process. Another method is to find a dedicated headphone site and search for headphones with apple controls.

Use Bluetooth Headphones

Bluetooth headphones are wireless headphones which are (generally) compatible with the iPhone and iPod's wireless controls. There are tons of them available, just a few include:

• Kinivo BTH220 Bluetooth Stereo Headphones
• ARCTIC Sound ORACO-ERM28-GBA01 Headphones P311
• Motorola Black MOTOROKR S305 Wireless Stereo Headphones
• GOgroove AirBand Wireless Bluetooth Stereo Headset with Microphone (I have no idea how well they work but these look really cool!)
• GOgroove SolaceAIR Wireless Bluetooth Stereo Headset w/ Microphone + Extended 15 hr Battery

Again, I have no specific experience with the headphones in this list - I found them by searching for "Bluetooth stereo headsets" on Amazon and slowly grovelling through the results to find ones that weren't in-ear models.

I've used over-the-ear Bluetooth headphones with my iPhone and I really adored them for listening to music! Not having to worry about a cord is very freeing, but these tend to position the microphone a fair way from your mouth so they're a lot less useful for making phone calls. I found that with the cheap "no name" bluetooth headphones I purchased that people had trouble hearing my voice because the microphone was on the edge of the headphone and consequently a long distance from my mouth. It's something worth checking out if you want to make phone calls with them. For listening to music though, this is definitely my top choice.

Hearing-aid Specific Bluetooth Adapter

While researching for this article I discovered that some hearing aids have specific adapters which make them bluetooth-compatible. This seems to mostly apply to more modern and "up-market" hearing aids, and each type is specific to the hearing-aid manufacturer.

The devices are generally small pendant-type things worn around the neck which connect wirelessly to your existing hearing aids and pipe the sound directly into the aids. For those with compatible hearing aids this is definitely the solution which will give you the clearest sound quality!

One device mentioned to me specifically by a happy user was the Phonak iCom, for those with Phonak hearing aids. Oticon offers the Oticon ConnectLine Mobile. There are even Bluetooth options for Cochlear Implant users. I'm sure that most other hearing aid manufacturers have their own bluetooth adapters too - check the website for your hearing aid manufacturer, and have a chat to your audiologist if you aren't sure.

Caveats 'n Other Things

Some of these remote controls offer one button control only, which lets you play/pause audio but doesn't let you change the volume, others have the full 3-button controls which lets you change the volume. Also, different controls will have buttons of different sizes and shapes and sensitivities, and placed in different places, so make sure the buttons are usable to you before you purchase them.

When you are buying anything, most importantly make sure to check that they are compatible with the device that you want to use them with - not all of the controls work with all Apple devices! The description for each item should clearly state which device they work with. I suggest also reading reviews for each device on Amazon.com or similar, as there is a lot of really useful user feedback there which can help you choose the best device for your needs.

My current earphones of choice are an in-ear model, the Etymotic Research MC3 noise-cancelling earbuds which have in-line iPhone controls and a microphone. The regular Apple earbuds don't fit in my tiny ears but these ones fit just right and I'm really happy with them.

Which headphones, earphones, or audio adapter do you use and does it meet your needs well? Leave a comment below!

- Ricky Buchanan

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I often get emailed questions by ATMac readers. I've decided to sometimes answer these on the blog, as they seem to be frequently asked questions.

Today's comes from Katilea:

On Windows you can defragment to sort out drive and speed it up, clean up programs you dont use, etc. What is the equivalent on Mac?

When you're using OS X you will never, under normal circumstances, need to defragment your hard drive. The way Mac drives are formatted means that fragmentation isn't a problem, so that's one chore you don't have to worry about. There are, however, some routine things that can help your Mac run as well as possible.

The first is to run OS X's own maintenance scripts regularly. OS X has scripts which run in the middle of the night to keep things running smoothly; there's one which runs daily, one which runs weekly, and one which runs monthly. This should happen automatically even if your computer is asleep or turned off at the time, but due to some problems these scripts often don't get run on some people's systems. When I checked mine, none of them had been run for the past 5 months!

An easy way to fix this is to install Pseudoanacron. Despite the complicated name it's very simple to run - all you do is start the program, and if any of OS X's routine maintenance scripts haven't been run at the proper time then Pseudoanacron will run them for you. Then the program will quit. I have set this up so it runs every time I log into my computer, just to make sure things keep running smoothly.

If you're doing this and your Mac is chugging along fine then there's nothing else you need to do! But if your Mac seems to be getting a bit slower that it used to be, you'll need to move to the next step.

For this, you'll need a program called Maintenance. There are versions for Tiger as well as Leopard - make sure you download the one you need from their downloads page.

Once you've downloaded it you'll need to double-click on the package to run the installer. When that's finished, you'll find the program in your Applications directory where all the other programs are. Open the Maintenance program and the first thing it does is some very basic checking of your drive - it should only take a minute so just be patient. Then you'll see this dialog box:

It's very much recommended that you do what the dialog box is asking - quit all the programs you can quit then let it proceed. It may take quite a long time to check your hard drive - it took about 7 minutes for mine and sometimes the screen stopped updating altogether - so the best idea is to go and get yourself a drink or have a bathroom break while it's running.

Once that's done, you'll see a window with a confusing list of possible tasks. I suggest that you select all the ones in the "Maintenance" and "Cleaning" sections, but none of the ones in the "Rebuild" section. Here's a screen shot of the selections:

Now some of this cleaning will make your applications start up more slowly the very next time they're run. They can't tell between cleaning out caches that speed up your programs and cleaning out old ones which aren't needed any more. So the first time you start up your programs again they'll take a little while longer while they rebuild their caches again. But after that they should be snappier than before.

Once you have your selections made, click on the "Execute" button and you'll see another warning about quitting all your programs. You can let the program do it for you, or you can quit them yourself before you continue. I quit them myself in case there's open documents or things I haven't saved yet - I'm always forgetting. And be aware: once you've started it it really does quit everything - even accessibility programs like KeyStrokes or SwitchXS will be quit.

Once you've set it running I suggest you go and make lunch or have a shower - this one takes aaaaages. On my Mac Pro it took 28 minutes, for example! And after it's done, it will ask to reboot your computer which I also recommend you do.

Once your computer is going again it will initially take a touch longer than before - remember about the caches having to rebuild themselves the first time you run things. But your system should be in tip top condition!

Another thing which can make your computer slow down is if the hard drive is nearly full. I think that Apple recommends that at least 10% of your hard drive should be empty, so OS X has room to shuffle around files without too much trouble. The first tactic here is to empty your trash! Right click on the Trash icon on your dock and select Empty Trash, then click "OK" that you understand it's permanent. If you haven't done this for a while there could be a lot of stuff in there - it's never emptied unless you do it yourself.

If your hard drive is still too full you'll need to delete some things, or buy an external hard drive and move some of your files to the hard drive - things like your iTunes and iPhoto libraries are good candidates for being moved to an external drive.

If you don't already have Software Update running automatically this would also be a good time to do that - open the Apple menu in the extreme top left of your screen and select "Software Update". Install anything it recommends, bandwidth permitting. Once it's done, run it over again as it sometimes has new suggestions once you've installed the existing things. This makes sure you've got the most current versions of the operating system and any iLife and iWork programs you have installed.

I hope this helps, Katilea! Let us know how your computer goes after your bit of "spring cleaning".

- Ricky Buchanan